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What is Computer Information Technology?
Computer information technology (CIT) encompasses a wide range of careers related to the management, development, and implementation of computer systems and software. From IT consultants to software developers, CIT professionals play a crucial role in various industries including finance, healthcare, and telecommunications.
Pennsylvania, as the sixth-most populous state in the United States, boasts a robust IT sector. Its major cities, such as Philadelphia and Pittsburgh, are home to many tech companies and startups. The state's supportive business environment, coupled with its renowned universities and research institutions, has contributed to the growth of this industry in Pennsylvania. According to data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), Pennsylvania employed approximately 232,780 individuals in computer and mathematical occupations as of May 2020. This category includes various occupations like computer systems analysts, software developers, computer network architects, and database administrators.
The largest sub-category within computer and mathematical occupations in Pennsylvania is software developers, with an estimated employment of around 57,810 individuals. Software developers are responsible for designing, coding, and testing computer programs and applications. Computer systems analysts come in second place, with an employment figure of roughly 32,760. These professionals analyze an organization's computer systems and procedures to improve efficiency and effectiveness. Other significant occupations in Pennsylvania's CIT industry include computer user support specialists, network and computer systems administrators, and database administrators.
It’s worth noting that the demand for CIT professionals in Pennsylvania is projected to continue growing in the coming years. As technology continues to advance and businesses rely more heavily on digital infrastructure, the need for skilled IT professionals will only increase. Students interested in completing information technology programs will have plenty of options when it comes to schools in Pennsylvania. You could choose a private not for profit school with a fairly small student population, a community college, or a public college in a large city with a larger population of students. Some colleges in Pennsylvania you can choose from include Carnegie Mellon University, the University of Pennsylvania, Drexel University, Duquesne University, PA East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, and more. Those looking for the best information technology schools or best information technology programs can choose from schools in pennsylvania or in nearby states. You can also check for programs in information technology rankings. There are other popular majors related to this one that technology students can choose from, such as computer science.
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Computer Information Technology Education in Pennsylvania
Computer information technology occupations in Pennsylvania have varying education requirements, ranging from a high school diploma or GED to a doctorate degree. While many professionals in this field generally complete some amount of higher education, entry-level positions may sometimes be accessible to those with self-taught skills and relevant work experience. This is not entirely common, however, and larger organizations, in particular, favor candidates with advanced degrees. As a result, completion of degree programs is typically recommended.
As mentioned earlier, many colleges and universities commonly provide degrees in computer information technology and related fields of study. Prospective students typically have the option to select programs at various academic levels including associate, bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees. Additionally, many institutions offer undergraduate and graduate academic certificates.
Associate Degree in Computer Information Technology (AS)
Associate degree programs in information technology generally consist of 60 credit hours of coursework that take full-time students approximately two years to complete. Each undergraduate curriculum is unique, typically blending general liberal arts with major-specific classes. This approach ensures students explore communication, mathematics, and social science topics alongside content relevant to their area of study, which fosters a well-rounded educational foundation for future learning and professional employment. Computer information technology students usually receive a broad introduction to the field that includes studying relevant areas such as web development, database management, web programming, and network infrastructure management.
This degree type commonly readies graduates for employment as computer support specialists, industrial engineer technicians, web developers, digital designers, network systems administrators, and computer programmers. Given that many employers prefer candidates with bachelor’s degrees, however, a significant number of graduates choose to further their education.
Credits from undergraduate courses can be transferred and used to fulfill requirements for new undergraduate degree programs, such as those at the baccalaureate level. Generally, colleges and universities acknowledge up to 60 or 90 hours of prior coursework. This is equivalent to about two years of study. Consequently, individuals holding associate degrees may require only an additional two years of education to obtain bachelor’s degrees.
National rankings - online AS in information technologyBachelor's Degree in Computer Information Technology (BS)
Bachelor’s degrees in information technology generally consist of 120 credit hours of coursework that take full-time students approximately four years to complete. As previously mentioned, undergraduate programs such as these typically incorporate both general liberal arts and major-specific classes in their curriculums. This ongoing study of various subjects - including communication, mathematics, and social sciences - ensures that students receive a comprehensive education applicable to diverse aspects of life as well as any potential further academic endeavors. Those majoring in computer information technology can also expect to receive a broad introduction to the most important subjects in the field. This usually includes information technology infrastructure, database management, cyber security, web design, programming, and information systems design. It’s also common for those enrolled to receive instruction designed to enhance technical communication and mathematics skills.
Additionally, information technology majors are often encouraged by many colleges to choose concentrations or specialized areas of study. Opting for additional instruction in a specific sub-field can aid students in preparing for particular types of employment upon graduation.
According to the US Bureau of Labor Statistics, most computer and information technology occupations require candidates to possess bachelor’s degrees. This degree type commonly readies graduates for employment as computer systems analysts, cyber security consultants, and software development specialists. Industries outside of information technology may hire individuals with expertise in this area, as well. Positions are frequently available in the education, healthcare, manufacturing, and business sectors.
As an alternative, graduates can also choose to pursue advanced education in the field. Individuals who intend to apply for master’s degree programs must be ready to submit official undergraduate transcripts to prospective colleges and universities. Additionally, applicants are usually required to meet specified minimum grade point average (GPA) and Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) score criteria.
National rankings - online BS in information technology UniversityHQs hardest college majorsMaster's Degree in Computer Information Technology (MS)
Master’s degree programs in information technology generally consist of 30 to 60 credit hours of coursework that take full-time students approximately two years to complete. Graduate-level programs no longer include general liberal arts classes. However, many programs do require applicants to successfully complete specified undergraduate courses, or prerequisites, before admission. This ensures that all incoming students have the fundamental knowledge and skills necessary for advanced study in the field.
Graduate degree curriculums assist students in preparing for advanced employment opportunities. While course requirements vary, enrolled individuals frequently receive in-depth instruction in software design, data management, financial management, project management, and program and application development. Additionally, students may be expected to participate in internships and/or complete capstone projects prior to graduation.
Similar to bachelor’s degrees, it’s also common for colleges and universities to offer concentrations or specialized areas of study.
Common options include:
- Data Analytics
- Information Security
- Information Technology Management
- Smart Technology
- Web Design
Upon graduation, individuals often become eligible for positions such as data managers, network administrators, software engineers, and cybersecurity analysts. Those holding master’s degrees usually enjoy enhanced job prospects and typically earn higher salaries compared to their less-educated counterparts.
National rankings - online MS in information technologyPhD Degree in Computer Information Technology (PhD)
Doctoral degree programs in information technology vary significantly, but generally consist of between 60 and 120 credit hours. To complete these programs, it typically takes about six years. Accelerated options do exist, however. These may require less time commitment for full-time students.
As terminal degrees, these programs uphold rigorous academic standards. While curriculums vary by institution, they typically offer opportunities to study various advanced topics in computer science, information systems, networking, and database administration. Instruction is also common in strategic analysis research, research design, quantitative research, and qualitative research. Those enrolled in PhD programs are likely to take classes in programming languages, software systems design, and modeling communication network.
Students typically undergo traditional classroom instruction during the first phase of enrollment, with later years dedicated to independent study and research. In many cases, these degrees conclude with the creation, presentation, and defense of dissertations before a board of computer information technology professors.
While only a few professions in the field exclusively demand possession of doctoral degrees, graduates do become eligible for some of the most lucrative employment opportunities available. These opportunities may include positions as information technology architects, information technology project managers, postsecondary educators, and senior data scientists.
Our financial aid guide Our paying for college guideBecome an Information Technology Specialist in Pennsylvania
Numerous computer information technology career options exist in Pennsylvania, and across the entire United States. Given the multitude of possibilities available, it’s important to define your specific career goals as early as possible. Identifying the occupations that interest you most can help guide your choice of academic major and degree type. Familiarizing yourself with the hiring standards and expectations of your desired profession is also advisable, as this will ensure you understand the necessary education requirements to qualify for employment. This will also make it easier to select the most appropriate academic concentration, minor area of study, elective courses, internship, and/or extracurricular activities.
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Upon completing your degree program(s), it’s possible that you can qualify for professional employment right away. Enhancing your resume further, however, will likely boost your chances of securing a job. Acquiring one or more relevant certifications is another excellent option. Attaining at least one additional credential showcases your commitment to the profession and may set you apart from other candidates. In a diverse field, there are numerous opportunities to specialize your skills. This is also a great way to highlight areas of specialty.
While not always a requirement for information technology occupations, it’s worth noting that additional credentials may be necessary to obtain certain roles within the field. Timeframes for acquiring these can vary, however. Some positions mandate candidates to have all specified certifications before applying, but others allow grace periods for obtaining them after job offers are accepted. Information regarding these expectations is generally detailed in position postings, underscoring the importance of thoroughly reading these descriptions prior to submitting applications.
Numerous certification opportunities exist in computer information technology, with options available from technology companies, professional associations, and certification boards. Some providers are less credible than others, however. When selecting which credentials to pursue, consider the vendor's reputation, requirements you will need to meet, typical time to completion, and all possible expenses involved in the process.
Some of the most common vendor-specific and vendor-neutral certifications for computer information technology professionals include:
- Certified Cloud Security Professional (CCSP)
- Certified Data Privacy Solutions Engineer (CDPSE)
- Certified Data Professional (CDP)
- Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH)
- Certified Information Security Manager (CSIM)
- Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP)
- Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE)
- Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP)
- CompTIA
- Microsoft Certified Solutions Associate (MCSA)
- Microsoft Certified Solutions Expert (MCSE)
- Project Management Professional (PMP)
Additionally, all prospective computer information technology professionals should realize that maintaining most certifications requires some amount of ongoing education. Each credential sets its own renewal expectations, which can often be met through free or paid training programs, conference seminars, and/or academic courses. Participating in continued learning is always beneficial, but it is especially important in information technology fields. This is because technology is constantly evolving, with new advancements made regularly. Seizing opportunities to deepen your comprehension of existing concepts and stay informed about new developments is essential for staying relevant in the workplace.
Security clearance requirements may be another important consideration when applying for computer information and technology jobs. Thorough background checks after being hired are relatively common, but some positions explicitly mandate that applicants possess specified clearance levels in order to even be considered for employment. This is most common with government occupations that deal with highly sensitive data.
Careers for CIT (CIS) Graduates
- Animator
Animators create visual effects and animations for various media including films, video games, and advertisements. They play a crucial role in bringing characters and scenes to life, captivating audiences with their artistic and technical skills. Using computer software, they design and produce two and three-dimensional images that simulate movement and contribute to the visual appeal of multimedia projects. These professionals also collaborate with creative teams, incorporating storytelling elements into their animations. Their contributions typically enhance the overall experience for viewers and users. According to PayScale, animators make an average base salary of $58,791 per year. - Cyber Security Analyst
Cyber security analysts protect companies and organizations from cyber-threats by implementing various security measures and monitoring systems for potential vulnerabilities. They play a critical role in maintaining the confidentiality and integrity of data, ensuring that organizations can operate securely in an increasingly digital and interconnected landscape. Common tasks include analyzing security breaches, conducting risk assessments, and developing strategies to safeguard sensitive information. These professionals also stay updated on the latest cyber-threats so they can employ advanced technologies to better fortify network defenses. According to PayScale, cyber security analysts make an average base salary of $78,642 per year. - Data Scientist
Data scientists analyze and interpret complex data sets to help companies make informed decisions. They employ statistical techniques, machine learning, and programming to extract meaningful insights. It’s also common for them to collaborate with various departments to identify trends, patterns, and potential areas for improvement. These professionals play a vital role in transforming raw data into actionable information, enabling their employers to enhance efficiency, optimize strategies, and gain a competitive edge in their respective industries through data-driven decision-making. According to PayScale, data scientists make an average base salary of $98,342 per year. -
Graphic Designer
Graphic designers create visual concepts using computer software or illustrations drawn by hand to communicate ideas that inspire, inform, and captivate consumers. They develop the overall layout and design for various applications such as advertisements, brochures, magazines, and corporate reports. These professionals consider the aesthetic and functional aspects of each project, collaborating with clients or teams to bring creative visions to life through visually appealing and effective designs across different mediums. According to PayScale, graphic designers make an average base salary of $48,966 per year.
- Software Designer
Software designers conceptualize and create the architecture of software applications, outlining the framework that developers will implement. They contribute to the creation of user-friendly and efficient software, impacting the overall success of software projects in various industries. Commonly assigned tasks include analyzing user needs, collaborating with stakeholders, and designing solutions that address functional requirements. These professionals play a critical role in the software development process, ensuring that applications are well-structured, scalable, and aligned with project objectives. According to PayScale, software designers make an average base salary of $79,591 per year. - Software Quality Assurance Analyst
Software quality assurance analysts evaluate software applications to ensure they meet specified standards and function correctly. They ensure that software applications function seamlessly, meeting user expectations and industry standards for performance, security, and usability. Common responsibilities include creating and executing test plans, identifying bugs or defects, and collaborating with developers to resolve issues. These professionals play a crucial role in the software development process, contributing to the production of reliable and high-quality software products. According to PayScale, software quality assurance analysts make an average base salary of $64,563 per year. - Web Developer
Web developers design and create websites, focusing on the functionality, appearance, and user experience. They use programming languages, such as HTML and JavaScript, to bring web designs to life. Collaborating with clients or teams, they also ensure that websites meet specific requirements and are responsive across various devices. These professionals play a crucial role in the digital landscape, contributing to the development and maintenance of websites that serve diverse purposes. According to PayScale, web developers make an average base salary of $61,797 per year.