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STEM, an acronym for Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, encompasses a wide range of careers centered on technology and quantitative analysis. From nuclear engineers designing advanced systems to market researchers leveraging statistical data to drive business growth, STEM careers span diverse industries. These roles offer dynamic opportunities for innovation, problem-solving, and high earning potential, making them some of the most sought-after career paths today.

In response to growing demand, schools have expanded their STEM-related courses and departments, particularly in science and math education. As a result, there is a strong need for qualified STEM educators at the secondary and pre-secondary levels. This shift aligns with the ever-growing demand in the job market for "left-brained" professionals skilled in analysis and problem-solving.

Explore this page to learn more about the best STEM careers, job market trends, and essential statistics that can help students make informed decisions about their academic paths and future employment opportunities.

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STEM Career Paths

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What Fields are Included in STEM?

Biology

This is the study of life. Biology students can thus choose to focus on subjects such as microbiology, organic chemistry, botany, genetics, and many more.

Chemistry

Everything is composed of chemicals and results from chemical reactions, including our ideas. Chemistry students can focus on chemicals that are used for fuel, food, involved in computers, and lots more.

Computer Sciences

Computer science can encompass topics such as computer programming, quantum computing, software development and cybersecurity. CS students delve deep into the theory and function of how computers work.

Engineering

Engineering is another broad subject that spans anything from how machines are built to bridge construction. Other students might work on industrial or software engineering degrees.

Earth Sciences

If it deals with our planet, then it's an Earth Science. This umbrella includes topics such as meteorology, geology, oceanography, and more.

Health Sciences

Students in health science might be found studying epidemiology, nutrition, healthcare administration, nursing, psychology or other related medical fields. Thus, nurses, doctors, EMTs, and other clinicians fall under this umbrella.

Information Technology

IT experts work in the business world finding solutions to various technological problems. Information technology workers maintain networks, databases, and troubleshoot both hardware and software problems.

Mathematics

This is perhaps the very core of STEM. Mathematics students delve deep into fundamental problems that plague physics, engineering, and more. Many math majors migrate to computer science later in their careers.

Physics

This is the study of matter, energy, and their interactions. Physics professionals work on topics as varied as star formation in deep space, nuclear reactors, and quantum physics.

Women in STEM

While history is chock-full of women pioneers, contemporary laboratories, high-tech industries, and engineering departments are woefully bereft of women. The reasons for this are many, but it's often thought that women are not as well suited to the strict analytical nature of STEM fields. However, this is an untenable position when we consider that women were pioneers in computer programming, physics, and more.

Nevertheless, while young women might begin making strides in math or science, when the reach a certain age they are often either bullied or excluded from participating in fields they love. In fact, studies show that young girls begin to lose their confidence in math around age eight, or third grade. This might be due to subtle or overt cues from adults and peers that dissuade them from progressing in math.

These days, many are making a concerted effort to include women in STEM fields. Young girls are finding more encouragement than in previous decades, and it's hoped that STEM will soon see more parity among the sexes.


Education in STEM

Can You Earn These Degrees Online?

If you aren't able to move for college, or if you still need to work full-time, an online STEM degree is a fantastic option. You will find a wide range of options to earn STEM degrees online from a variety of traditional and online-only universities. In fact, after the COVID pandemic has passed, it's likely that even more traditional programs will increase their online offerings.

You might be concerned as to how your degree will be accepted by employers. However, since an online diploma can come from nearly any university, there's no reason that an employer will even know how your coursework was delivered. Further, your future employers will be more interested in your knowledge and skill set than how you acquired them. Thus, if you find that an online (or even hybrid) STEM degree best suits your learning style or lifestyle, you need only find one from an accredited program before you enroll.

After all, once you land your first job, you will find that your co-workers and supervisors only care that you are able to do the work. In the meantime, it's worthwhile to know that online education produces the same results as traditional classroom work. By the time that you are ready to move on to your next position, it won't matter much at all whether you studied online at your kitchen table or in a cramped university desk. All that will matter are your abilities.

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Most Popular Bachelor’s Degrees

While it's a great idea to follow your own passions, it can also be valuable to know what are the most popular bachelor's degrees, especially if you're having trouble deciding on a major. These days, STEM subject dominate the top ten lists of most popular degrees. Business professions are by far the most popular, and that comprises a wide range of occupations. Heal occupations are second on the list and also have a variety of roles. For instance, healthcare informatics is a subset of IT, but it would count as a healthcare profession much like radiology or nursing. The third and fifth most popular subjects might not be typically considered STEM, but social sciences and psychology both rely heavily on statistical analysis.

Here is a list of the top 6 undergraduate degrees as per the National Center Education Statistics.

  • Business (375, 400)
  • Health Professions and Related Programs (263,800)
  • Social Sciences and History (151,100)
  • Biological and Biomedical Sciences (131,500)
  • Psychology (129,600)
  • Engineering (123,000)

Statistics

A person with any sort of academic background can find a job in a STEM field. Even those with only a high school diploma or less are found working alongside scientists and engineers. However, the broad category of STEM fields are mostly full of degreed individuals. Statistics also show that those STEM workers are always better paid than similarly degreed workers in other industries or careers. To top it all off, STEM boasts not only more workers with college degrees but also more with post-graduate degrees than non-STEM positions.

However, as a general rule those who have limited STEM degrees, such as an associate degree, find that their careers are stalled more than a worker in a non-STEM field who can leverage experience for greater responsibilities and salary. To get ahead in STEM fields, workers usually need greater academic credentials, though there are exceptions such as computer programming.

Employment in STEM

Fastest Growing Careers

STEM fields grow and contract in response to the needs of society, but their numbers always remain strong as society tends to always demand new innovations in its technology. Sometimes technological advances drive the expansion in certain areas, other times the demand arises from purely economic forces. These days, many STEM jobs are created as a response to our ever-increasing computer power. We can use these tools to delve deeper into statistics and we can use computer modeling to design new products and processes.

In fact, STEM fields dominate the employment landscape to such a huge extent that even humanities students should consider taking courses that teach STEM skills, such as statistics. In fact, there is a minor movement among STEM faculties to include more ideas from the humanities along with the strict analytics of STEM. Thought leaders have seen that quantitative analysis often omits ethics and humanitarian concerns. Nevertheless, for the best job prospects, you should definitely consider STEM.

  • Wind Turbine technicians
    The field of wind turbine technology is one of the fastest-growing career sectors right now. As the world shifts toward more sustainable energy sources, wind power has become a key player in the transition to renewable energy. Wind turbine technicians are in high demand to install, maintain, and repair turbines that generate clean energy for homes, businesses, and industries.
    According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the job market for wind turbine technicians is projected to grow by an impressive 61% through 2029, making it one of the fastest-growing occupations in the U.S. This rapid growth is driven by the increasing reliance on renewable energy sources, with wind energy playing a significant role in the nation’s energy future. With high job security and competitive pay, becoming a wind turbine technician is a promising career path for those interested in renewable energy and sustainability.
  • solar photovoltaic installers
    The field of solar photovoltaic (PV) installation is experiencing tremendous growth, as the demand for renewable energy solutions continues to rise. Solar PV installers are responsible for setting up and maintaining solar panel systems that generate electricity from sunlight, making them key players in the transition to clean energy.
    In fact, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects that the employment of solar photovoltaic installers will grow by an astounding 51% from 2019 to 2029, much faster than the average for all occupations. This rapid growth is driven by the increased adoption of solar energy systems as individuals, businesses, and governments move toward greener energy alternatives. With an average annual pay of $44,000 in 2020, this career offers job stability and the potential for higher earnings with experience and additional certifications. Solar PV installers play an essential role in shaping the future of energy, making this an exciting and rewarding field to enter.
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  • nurse practitioners
    Nurse practitioners (NPs) are one of the fastest-growing healthcare professions in the U.S., and their demand is expected to continue rising significantly in the coming years. With an increasing need for healthcare services due to an aging population and greater focus on preventative care, NPs play a critical role in providing primary, specialty, and emergency care. They are trained to diagnose illnesses, prescribe medications, and provide treatment plans, often working independently or in collaboration with physicians.
    The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects that employment for nurse practitioners will grow by 52% from 2019 to 2029, much faster than the average for all occupations. This rapid growth is driven by an expanding healthcare industry, especially in underserved rural and urban areas, where NPs are increasingly relied upon to bridge gaps in care. With an average annual salary of $117,000 in 2020, nurse practitioners not only enjoy a rewarding career but also a high level of job security and the potential for advancement in specialized fields such as pediatrics, geriatrics, and mental health.
  • data scientists
    Data science has become one of the most sought-after fields in the modern job market, with professionals in this area playing a critical role in shaping the future of industries such as healthcare, finance, technology, and marketing. Data scientists use advanced algorithms, statistical models, and machine learning techniques to analyze large sets of data, providing valuable insights that help companies make data-driven decisions. Their expertise is crucial in fields ranging from business strategy to artificial intelligence.
    The demand for data scientists is skyrocketing, with the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projecting employment for data scientists to grow by 35% from 2021 to 2031, much faster than the average for all occupations. As companies continue to collect vast amounts of data, they rely on data scientists to interpret and harness this information. With an average salary of over $96,000, data scientists are in high demand and enjoy excellent earning potential and career growth opportunities, making it one of the most attractive and rewarding professions today.
  • medical and health services managers
    Medical and health services managers play a vital role in the efficient operation of healthcare facilities, ensuring that hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, and other healthcare organizations run smoothly. They are responsible for overseeing budgets, staffing, policy compliance, and improving the quality of care provided to patients. With the rapid growth of the healthcare sector, the demand for skilled professionals in this field is rising. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), employment in medical and health services management is expected to grow by 32% from 2020 to 2030, significantly faster than the average for all occupations. With an average salary of around $104,280, this role offers excellent career prospects and job security in an expanding industry.
  • computer and information research scientists
    Computer and information research scientists are at the forefront of innovation in technology. They create new computing algorithms, design systems, and develop groundbreaking software that advances industries like artificial intelligence, robotics, and cybersecurity. As technology continues to evolve, the demand for these highly skilled professionals is rising rapidly. The BLS projects that employment for computer and information research scientists will grow by 22% from 2020 to 2030, much faster than average. With an average salary of $126,830, these professionals enjoy high earning potential and exciting opportunities to work in cutting-edge technology sectors.
  • information security Analysts
    Information security analysts are crucial in safeguarding sensitive information from cyber threats. They design and implement security measures to protect computer networks and systems from hacking, malware, and data breaches. As the frequency and complexity of cyberattacks increase, the need for information security analysts continues to soar. The BLS predicts a 35% growth in employment for information security analysts from 2021 to 2031, much faster than the average for all occupations. With an average salary of $103,590, this career offers excellent job stability, strong earning potential, and opportunities to work in diverse industries.
  • Physician assistants
    Physician assistants (PAs) are healthcare professionals who work closely with doctors to provide patient care, including diagnosing conditions, prescribing medication, and assisting in surgeries. As healthcare needs grow, the demand for PAs has been increasing, especially in underserved areas. The BLS forecasts that employment for physician assistants will grow by 31% from 2020 to 2030, much faster than the national average for all occupations. With an average salary of $115,390, PAs enjoy a fulfilling career in healthcare with strong job prospects and opportunities for career advancement.
  • home health and personal care aides
    Home health and personal care aides provide essential assistance to individuals who are elderly, disabled, or recovering from illness or surgery. These professionals help with daily activities such as bathing, dressing, meal preparation, and transportation. As the aging population increases and the preference for in-home care rises, the demand for home health aides and personal care aides continues to grow. The BLS projects a 34% growth in employment for these roles from 2019 to 2029, much faster than the average for all occupations. While the salary is typically lower than other healthcare roles, with an average of $27,080, the job offers a rewarding career with numerous opportunities for growth and advancement in the healthcare industry.

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Highest-Paid Careers

Growth in employment is certainly a factor to consider when in the pursuit of a degree and the subsequent career. However, it's also vital to look at the salary one might take home. After all, most students will need to repay student loans, pay rent, and eventually afford a down payment on their first home.

While salary shouldn't be one's primary concern when choosing a career, it is a vital consideration. Students should first consider their natural abilities and what sort of work feeds their passions. If one is not able to be passionate and believe on one's work, then it's quite possible, and even likely, that they will eventually experience burnout. On the other hand, STEM encompasses such a broad spectrum of careers that it surely intersects with most driving motivations. Furthermore, when students pursue a STEM degree, they also find higher salaries and often greater status.

  • anesthesiologists
    These medical professionals ensure patient safety and comfort during surgery by administering anesthesia. Their expertise earns them some of the highest salaries in healthcare, often exceeding $330,000 annually.
  • orthodontists
    Orthodontists specialize in straightening teeth and correcting jaw alignment, helping patients achieve healthy smiles. Their focused expertise typically earns salaries well above $200,000.
  • oral and maxillofacial surgeons
    These surgeons perform complex procedures on the mouth, jaw, and face, ranging from wisdom teeth removal to facial reconstruction. Their skillset often leads to earnings surpassing $310,000.
  • surgeons, all other
    This group includes specialized surgeons outside the main categories, performing diverse procedures tailored to unique medical conditions. Salaries in this field frequently exceed $300,000.
  • Pediatric surgeons
    Pediatric surgeons specialize in operating on infants, children, and teens, addressing conditions from congenital issues to trauma. Their highly skilled work typically earns them salaries over $300,000.
  • orthopedic surgeons, except pediatric
    These surgeons focus on musculoskeletal issues, including joint replacements and sports injuries. Their expertise often results in annual earnings exceeding $350,000.
  • ophthalmologists, except pediatric
    These specialists diagnose and treat eye disorders, performing surgeries like cataract removal and vision correction. Their salaries often exceed $300,000 annually.
  • radiologists
    Radiologists interpret medical imaging to diagnose and monitor conditions, playing a crucial role in patient care. Their expertise typically earns them over $350,000 per year.
  • psychiatrists
    These medical doctors specialize in mental health, diagnosing and treating disorders such as depression and anxiety. Their annual salaries frequently surpass $250,000.
  • physicians, pathologists
    Pathologists analyze tissue and laboratory samples to diagnose diseases, including cancers and infections. Their specialized knowledge often leads to earnings over $300,000 annually.
  • obstetricians and gynecologists
    These physicians focus on women's reproductive health, pregnancy, and childbirth. Their critical role in healthcare typically earns them annual salaries exceeding $300,000.

Employment Statistics

Every college student is interested to know whether they'll be able to capitalize on their degree. It is important to first follow one's dreams and choose a major field that best suits one's particular worldview and abilities. However, it's also pragmatic to consider the long-term return on investment (ROI) any particular degree or career path promises. Even a casual review of employment statistics shows that those in STEM fields outperform non-STEM workers.

When humanities students weigh long-term ROI against their current academic focus, it may be possible to find a happy medium. For instance, a philosophy major might blend their analytical skill and fascination with consciousness with a computer science degree and research artificial intelligence. Political science majors, on the other hand, might apply statistics in their undergraduate work and then expand on that in the business world.

Unemployment by Field

Unemployment is always a concern when choosing a career or a college major. STEM students should feel confident that their chosen careers tend to fare well in the employment market. Government statistics show that in 2010, during the Great Recession, STEM professionals with bachelor's degrees and no more than approximately 5 years of experience had a lower rate of unemployment than any other field. By 2017, when the economy had recovered, STEM remained at the lower end of the unemployment spectrum.

The lowest unemployment rate was found in nursing, which showed a 1.6% rate of unemployment in 2017, while the broad category STEM Fields showed a rate of 3.3%. Medical fields could, of course, be considered under the general umbrella of STEM, as could computer and information systems, which showed an unemployment rate of 3.7% in 2017.

Average Earnings

When selecting a career or college major, considering unemployment rates is crucial. STEM fields have consistently demonstrated lower unemployment rates compared to other sectors. In 2021, STEM professionals with a bachelor's degree or higher experienced an unemployment rate of 2.4%, significantly lower than the 4.9% observed in the skilled technical workforce without a bachelor's degree.

Nursing remains a particularly stable profession within the healthcare sector. As of 2022, approximately 99% of individuals with nursing expertise and training who were actively seeking employment secured jobs, indicating an unemployment rate of about 1%. These statistics highlight the resilience and demand for professionals in STEM and healthcare fields, suggesting favorable employment prospects for students pursuing these disciplines.


Other Facts about STEM Employment

STEM workers tend to outperform their non-STEM peers in nearly every category. Regardless of education, STEM workers tend to earn more than their non-STEM peers who hold similar academic credentials. For example, the PEW Research center found that STEM workers who hold only a high school diploma (or less) earn an average salary of approximately $45,000, compared to $33,000 for those in non-STEM jobs. After college, PEW found that STEM workers commanded an average salary just over $75,000 while others were earning nearly $20,000 less per year.

STEM workers also tend to have more advanced academic credentials. That is, 29% of STEM workers hold a post-graduate degree, compared with 12% of non-STEM workers. STEM workers are also more likely to have a bachelor's degree (36%) than non-STEM employees (21%). Further, STEM graduates tend to remain in their field upon graduation from college. That is, 52% of STEM graduates find jobs that correlate with their major. Though that may seem low, the remaining 48% predominantly work in either business/finance or social services, both of which require a high-level of quantitative analysis. Interestingly, women with STEM degrees are more likely than their male counterparts to carry their degrees into relevant careers.

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